Emails not delivered
Messages never reach the recipient mailbox — rejected, discarded, or stuck without a successful delivery.
- Reading time:
- 5 min
- Difficulty:
- Intermediate
- Estimated duration:
- 5 min
- Prerequisites:
- None
- Last updated:
- 2026-07-15
- Author:
- empire
Problem summary
Messages never reach the recipient mailbox — rejected, discarded, or stuck without a successful delivery.
Severity: High
Symptoms
- Recipients report never receiving messages
- No inbox, promotions, or junk copy can be found
- Outbound logs show rejects, timeouts, or missing final DSN
Possible causes
- SMTP rejection or silent discard after acceptance
- Wrong MX or routing to an unintended system
- Blocklisting or severe reputation filtering
- Recipient address invalid or mailbox full treated as permanent failure
How to diagnose
- Confirm the exact recipient address and domain MX
- Inspect outbound SMTP response codes and DSN status
- Check Authentication-Results on any sample that did arrive elsewhere
- Test delivery to a known-good mailbox at the same provider
How to fix
- Fix MX, firewall, or TLS issues blocking the SMTP session
- Remediate authentication and reputation before retrying volume
- Suppress invalid addresses and correct routing configuration
How to verify
- Successful SMTP completion with a retrievable message copy
- Stable delivery to multiple mailboxes at the failing provider
Prevention
- Monitor bounce classes and deferral rates continuously
- Validate DNS and auth before major sends
When to escalate
- Production mail is failing for a material share of recipients after remediation attempts
Related Learn Articles
Related Problems
- Deferred messagesReceivers return temporary SMTP failures (4xx), forcing retries instead of immediate acceptance.
- Delayed deliveryMail eventually arrives but takes much longer than normal due to greylisting, queues, or throttling.
- Hard bouncePermanent delivery failure (typically 5xx) because the address or domain cannot accept mail.
- Soft bounceTemporary delivery failure that may succeed later — full mailboxes, greylisting, or transient outages.